Airlive G.DUO Manual

Airlive Adgangspunkt G.DUO

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G.DUO

Dual 11g Access Point

Use

’s Manual

AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, whether

electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or recording without the written consent of OvisLink

Corp.

OvisLink Corp. has made the best effort to ensure the accuracy of the information in this

user’s guide. However, we are not liable for the inaccuracies or errors in this guide.

Please use with caution. All information is subject to change without notice

All Trademarks are properties of their respective holders.

Table of Contents

AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

Table of Contents

1. Introduction................................................................................................1

1.1 Overview..............................................................................................1

1.2 Firmware Upgrade and Tech Support..................................................1

1.3 Features...............................................................................................2

1.4 Wireless Operation Modes...................................................................2

1.4.1 WISP + AP Mode.......................................................................................................2

1.4.2 Client + AP mode.......................................................................................................3

1.4.3 Dual AP Mode............................................................................................................3

1.4.4 Gateway + AP ............................................................................................................3

1.4.5 WDS + AP..................................................................................................................4

2. Installing the G.DUO..................................................................................5

2.1 Before You Start...................................................................................5

2.2 Package Content .................................................................................5

2.3 Knowing your G.DUO...........................................................................6

2.4 Hardware Installation...........................................................................7

2.4.1 Passive PoE Installation.............................................................................................8

2.4.2 Wall Mount Installation .............................................................................................9

2.5 LED Table ..........................................................................................10

2.6 Restore Settings to Default................................................................10

3. Configuring the G.DUO ...........................................................................11

3.1 Important Information.........................................................................11

3.2 Prepare your PC................................................................................12

3.3 Management Interface.......................................................................12

Web Management (HTTP):...............................................................................................12

Secured Web Management (HTTPS):...............................................................................13

Command Line Interface (Telnet):....................................................................................13

Secure Shell (SSH, SSH2)................................................................................................13

3.4 Introduction to Web Management......................................................15

3.4.1 Getting into Web Management ................................................................................15

3.4.2 Web Menu Structure ................................................................................................17

3.5 Initial Configurations ..........................................................................18

3.5.1 Choose the wireless Operation Modes.....................................................................18

3.5.2 Change the Device’s IP Address..............................................................................19

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AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

3.5.3 Enable Password Protection.....................................................................................20

3.5.4 Enable Telnet or SSH...............................................................................................20

4. WISP + AP Mode ......................................................................................22

4.1 Application for WISP+AP Mode .........................................................22

4.2 Step-by-Step Example .......................................................................23

4.2.1 Environment.............................................................................................................23

4.2.2 Configuration Steps .................................................................................................24

4.3 Radio1: WISP Router Mode Settings.................................................26

4.3.1 Basic Wireless Settings............................................................................................26

4.3.2 Security Settings ......................................................................................................27

4.3.3 Advance (Wireless Settings) ....................................................................................28

4.3.4 Site Survey...............................................................................................................30

4.3.5 Signal Survey...........................................................................................................31

4.3.6 WAN Port.................................................................................................................31

4.3.7 Virtual Server Settings.............................................................................................32

4.3.8 DMZ.........................................................................................................................32

4.3.9 DDNS.......................................................................................................................33

4.3.10 DoS (Denial of Service).........................................................................................33

4.3.11 URL Filter ..............................................................................................................34

4.3.12 MAC Filter.............................................................................................................34

4.3.13 IP Filter ..................................................................................................................35

4.3.14 Port Filter ...............................................................................................................35

4.3.15 Router (Static Route) .............................................................................................35

4.3.16 RIP (Routing Information Protocol........................................................................36

4.4 Radio2: AP Mode Settings.................................................................37

4.4.1 Basic Wireless Settings............................................................................................37

4.4.2 Security Settings ......................................................................................................37

4.4.3 Advance (Wireless Settings) ....................................................................................40

4.4.4 Access Control.........................................................................................................41

4.4.5 Associated Clients....................................................................................................42

5. Dual AP Mode...........................................................................................43

5.1 Application for Dual AP Mode ............................................................43

5.2 Radio1 and 2: AP Mode Settings.......................................................44

5.2.1 Basic Wireless Settings............................................................................................44

5.2.2 Security Settings ......................................................................................................45

5.2.3 Advance (Wireless Settings) ....................................................................................47

5.2.4 Access Control.........................................................................................................49

5.2.5 Associated Clients....................................................................................................49

6. Client + AP Mode......................................................................................51

6.1 Application for Client + AP Mode........................................................51

6.2 Radio1: Client Mode Settings ............................................................52

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iii

AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

6.2.1 Basic Wireless Settings............................................................................................52

6.2.2 Security Settings ......................................................................................................53

6.2.3 Advance (Wireless Settings) ....................................................................................55

6.2.4 Site Survey...............................................................................................................56

6.2.5 Signal Survey...........................................................................................................57

6.2.6 Enable MAC Clone (Single Ethernet Client)...........................................................57

6.3 Radio2: AP Mode Settings.................................................................58

6.3.1 Basic Wireless Settings............................................................................................58

6.3.2 Security Settings ......................................................................................................58

6.3.3 Advance (Wireless Settings) ....................................................................................61

6.3.4 Access Control .........................................................................................................62

6.3.5 Associated Clients....................................................................................................63

7. Gateway + AP Mode.................................................................................64

7.1 Application for Gateway +AP Mode ...................................................64

7.2 Radio1: WISP Router Mode Settings.................................................65

7.2.1 Basic Wireless Settings............................................................................................66

7.2.2 Security Settings ......................................................................................................66

7.2.3 Advance (Wireless Settings) ....................................................................................68

7.2.4 Access Control .........................................................................................................70

7.2.5 Associated Clients....................................................................................................70

7.2.6 Signal Survey...........................................................................................................71

7.2.7 WAN Port.................................................................................................................71

7.2.8 Virtual Server Settings.............................................................................................72

7.2.9 DMZ.........................................................................................................................73

7.2.10 DDNS.....................................................................................................................73

7.2.11 DoS (Denial of Service).........................................................................................74

7.2.12 URL Filter..............................................................................................................74

7.2.13 MAC Filter.............................................................................................................75

7.2.14 IP Filter ..................................................................................................................75

7.2.15 Port Filter ...............................................................................................................75

7.2.16 Router (Static Route) .............................................................................................76

7.2.17 RIP (Routing Information Protocol........................................................................76

7.3 Radio2: AP Mode Settings.................................................................77

7.3.1 Basic Wireless Settings............................................................................................78

7.3.2 Security Settings ......................................................................................................78

7.3.3 Advance (Wireless Settings) ....................................................................................80

7.3.4 Access Control .........................................................................................................82

7.3.5 Associated Clients....................................................................................................82

8. WDS + AP Mode .......................................................................................84

8.1 Application for WDS + AP Mode ........................................................84

8.2 Radio1: WDS Bridge Settings............................................................85

8.2.1 Basic Wireless Settings............................................................................................85

8.2.2 WDS Security ..........................................................................................................86

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AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

8.2.3 Advance (Wireless Settings) ....................................................................................88

8.2.4 Site Survey...............................................................................................................89

8.2.5 Signal Survey...........................................................................................................90

8.2.6 WDS Settings...........................................................................................................90

8.3 Radio2: AP Mode Settings.................................................................91

8.3.1 Basic Wireless Settings............................................................................................91

8.3.2 Security Settings ......................................................................................................91

8.3.3 Advance (Wireless Settings) ....................................................................................94

8.3.4 Access Control .........................................................................................................95

8.3.5 Associated Clients....................................................................................................96

9. System Configuration Menu ...................................................................97

9.1 Menu Structure ..................................................................................97

9.2 LAN Interface Setup ..........................................................................97

9.2.1 DHCP Settings.........................................................................................................98

9.2.2 802.1d Spanning Tree ..............................................................................................98

9.2.3 Clone MAC Address................................................................................................98

9.2.4 Disable PING...........................................................................................................98

9.2.5 Add DHCP Static Lease Client ................................................................................99

9.3 Time Settings.....................................................................................99

9.4 Password Settings...........................................................................100

9.5 System Management.......................................................................100

9.6 SNMP Settings.................................................................................101

9.7 Watchdog.........................................................................................102

9.7.1 Firmware Upgrade.................................................................................................102

9.7.2 Configuration Save and Restore ............................................................................103

9.8 Factory Default ................................................................................104

10. Device Status Menu.............................................................................105

10.1 Menu Structure ..............................................................................105

10.2 Device Information.........................................................................105

10.3 Statistic ..........................................................................................106

10.4 Client Table (ARP Table)................................................................107

10.5 Log.................................................................................................107

11. Emergency Firmware Recovery .........................................................108

12. Frequent Asked Questions .................................................................110

13. Specifications.......................................................................................113

13.1 Hardware Features........................................................................113

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AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

13.1.1 General Hardware Feature...................................................................................113

13.2.1 Power Supply.......................................................................................................113

13.2.2 Dimension and Weight.........................................................................................113

13.2 Radio Specifications ......................................................................114

13.2.1 Frequency Band ...................................................................................................114

13.2.3 Rate and Modulation............................................................................................114

13.2.4 TX Output Power.................................................................................................114

13.2.5 Receiver Sensitivity .............................................................................................114

13.2.6 Supported WLAN Mode......................................................................................115

13.3 Software Features..........................................................................115

14. Wireless Network Glossary.................................................................117

1. Introduction

1 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

1. Introduction

1.1 Overview

The G.DUO is a dual radio wireless multi-function device based on IEEE 802.11g/b 2.4GHz

radio technologies. It features 2 WiFi radios for WISP and other applications that can not

be achieved using single radio. In addition, it features passive PoE port for installations in

places that have no nearby access to electricity (DC Injector is not included). Finally, it

also comes with a WAN port and Gateway+AP mode that can turn G.DUO into a wireless

router with 2 radios.

If you encounter any technical issues, we strongly recommend you read through Chapter 12:

Frequent Asked Questions. The answers you need are very likely to be there.

1.2 Firmware Upgrade and Tech Support

If you encounter a technical issue that can not be resolved by information on this guide, we

recommend that you visit our comprehensive website support at www.airlive.com. The

tech support FAQ are frequently updated with latest information.

In addition, you might find new firmwares that either increase software functions or provide

bug fixes for G.DUO. You can reach our on-line support center at the following link:

http://www.airlive.com/support/support_2.jsp

Since 2009, AirLive has added the “Newsletter Instant Support System” on our website.

AirLive Newsletter subscribers receives instant email notifications when there are new

download or tech support FAQ updates for their subscribed airlive models. To become an

AirLive newsletter member, please visit:

http://www.airlive.com/member/member_3.jsp

1. Introduction

AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

1.3 Features

 Dual 11g CPU with 2 x 11g/b Radios

 4MB Flash and 32MB SDRAM

 5 wireless multi-function modes: WISP+AP, Dual AP, Client + AP, WDS+AP,

Gateway+AP

 2 x R-SMA connectors for external antenna.

 Passive PoE Port for 12V Passive POE System. Passive DC Injector not included

 1 x WAN port for xDSL and Cable Modem.

 Wall Mount holes included

 Bandwidth Control

 Site Survey and Signal Strength indicator for antenna alignment

 Emergency firmware recovery mode

 Web, HTTPS, SSH/SSH2, Telnet, and SNMP managements

1.4 Wireless Operation Modes

The G.DUO can perform as a multi-function wireless device. Through the AirLogic web

interface, users can easily select which wireless mode they wish the G.DUO to perform.

The G.DUO can be configured to operate in the following wireless operation modes:

1.4.1 WISP + AP Mode

This mode is designed as 2-way wireless router for WISP subscriber. Radio1 acts as a

client router to connect with outdoor AP; Radio1 works as a wireless AP for home. This

combination allows WISP subscriber to share their Internet connection wirelessly.

1. Introduction

3 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

1.4.2 Client + AP mode

In this mode, Radio1 is working as a wireless client to connect with remote AP. Radio2 is

working as an Access Point to redistribute the signal from Radio1. This combination

creates a wireless repeater with 2 radios. It can be used to amplify the signal from remote

AP.

1.4.3 Dual AP Mode

In this mode, the G.DUO works as 2 Access Points. You can have both radios with

directional antennas to create a larger coverage. Please remember to set the channels of

the radios as far apart as possible.

1.4.4 Gateway + AP

In this mode, both Radios are acting as wireless router. The WAN port is the LAN1 port.

The application for this is to extend the wireless router’s coverage. You can use 2

directional antennas to provide longer distance and wider coverage over large area, such

as in the shopping center. When using this mode, it is recommended to use directional

antennas for both radios to avoid mutual interference.

1. Introduction

AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

1.4.5 WDS + AP

In this mode, the Radio1 is working in WDS Bridge mode while Radio2 works as an Access

Point. This mode is design to build a wireless backbone network while providing hotspot

access through Radio2’s AP network. It is ideal for Hotel Installation. When using this

mode, please make sure that the channels are set apart between Radio1 and Radio2.

Radio1 should install with directional antenna.

2. Install the G.DUO

5 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

2. Installing the G.DUO

This section describes the hardware features and the hardware installation procedure for

the G.DUO. For software configuration, please go to chapter 3 for more details.

2.1 Before You Start

It is important to read through this section before you install the G.DUO

 It is recommended that you set the channels of the 2 radios as apart as possible

to avoid mutual interference. For example, Radio1 at channel 1 and Radio2 at

Channel 11

 It is recommended that you adjust the antenna angles to get the best

performance. You can try to move the antenna outward as indicated on the

diagram below if you encounter poor performance problem.

 The LAN1 port also work as the passive POE port and the WAN port(Gateway

mode only)

 The passive PoE DC Injector is optional, it is not included with the package.

Please use a 12V passive POE system with G.DUO’s passive POE port. Do not

use 802.3af 48V system or PoE switch with the device.

2.2 Package Content

The G.DUO package contains the following items:

 One G.DUO main unit



One 12V 1A DC power adapter



2 x Antennas (subject to change without notice)



User’s Guide CD

2. Install the G.DUO

AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

 Quick Start Guide

2.3 Knowing your G.DUO

Below are descriptions and diagrams of the product:

Radio 1 Antenna Connector

Radio 2 Antenna Connector

Power Adapter Connector

LAN Ports

WAN + Passive PoE Port

Reset Button

LED Indicators

2. Install the G.DUO

7 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

2.4 Hardware Installation

.1. Please install the antennas by turning clock wise into the RF1 and RF2 antenna connectors

2. Now connect the power adapter to the G.DUO

3. Connect the Ethernet cable to one of the LAN port and the other end to your PC.

2. Install the G.DUO

AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

4. If you are using G.DUO in Gateway mode to share your xDSL or Cable modem connection,

please connect the Internet cable to “WAN port”.

2.4.1 Passive PoE Installation

If you want to supply the power by using Passive PoE, please follow the installation

diagram below. Please note that that the passive DC Injector is not included with G.DUO,

it need to be purchased separately. G.DUO uses 12V passive PoE system.

2. Install the G.DUO

9 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

2.4.2 Wall Mount Installation

1. The holes for the wall mount screw are on the underside of the case. Please measure the

distance between the holes. Then install 2 screws in the desire location with the measured

distance apart from each other. Please do not screw all the way in, leave some space for

mounting with the G.DUO

2. Now please hang the G.DUO on those 2 screws.

2. Install the G.DUO

AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

2.5 LED Table

This section describes the LED behavior of G.DUO. You can find the LED on the top side

of the G.DUO.

Power

Steady Blue – Normal Operation

OFF – No Power

RF1, RF2

Slow Flashing : Radio is active

Fast Flashing: Transmitting Data

OFF: Radio Disabled

LAN1 ~4, WAN

Steady Blue : Link established

Fast Flashing: Transmitting Data

OFF: No Link

2.6 Restore Settings to Default

If you have forgotten your G.DUO’s IP address or password, you can restore your G.DUO

to the default settings by pressing on the “reset button” for more than 5 seconds. You

might need a pen or pencil for this operation. The reset button is inside the bottom case.

Please see diagram below for details.

3. Configuring the G.DUO

11 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

The G.DUO offers many different types of management interface. You can configure

through standard web browser (http), secured web (https), command line (telnet), secured

command shell (SSH), and SNMP management. In this chapter, we will explain G.DUO’s

available management interfaces and how to get into them.

3.1 Important Information

The following information will help you to get start quickly. However, we recommend you

to read through the entire manual before you start. Please note the password and SSID

are case sensitive.

 The default IP address is: 192.168.1.254 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

 There is no password protection by default. To enable password protection,

please go to “System Configuration -> Password Settings”.

 The default SSID for Radio1 is “airlive1”

 The default SSID for Radio2 is “airlive2”

 The default wireless mode is : WISP + AP mode

 Please remember to “Apply Change” for settings to be saved and take effect.

 Please remember to “Reboot” the device after all settings are changed.

 Please keep the TX output power as low as possible for best performance.

 By default, the Telnet and SSH functions are turned off. To enable them, please

go to “System Configuration” -> “System Management” menu.

 The Emergency Firmware Recovery only works when you connect to LAN2, LAN3,

or LAN4 port. It will not work on LAN1

 By Default, the DHCP server is turned on in WISP+AP and Gateway+AP mode.

The other modes’ DHCP server are turned off.

 When you change the mode to WISP+AP or Gateway+AP mode, the GDUO’s IP

address might change to 192.168.1.254.

3. Configuring the G.DUO

AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

3.2 Prepare your PC

The G.DUO can be managed remotely by a PC through either the wired or wireless network.

The default IP address of the G.DUO is 192.168.1.254 with a subnet mask of

255.255.255.0. This means the IP address of the PC should be in the range of

192.168.1.1` to 192.168.1.253.

To prepare your PC for management with the G.DUO, please do the following:

1. Connect your PC directly to the LAN port on the DC Injector of G.DUO

2. Set your PC’s IP address to “Obtain an IP address Automatically”. The G.DUO should

provide your PC an valid IP address.

3. If you want to set your PC’s IP address manually, please set to 192.168.1.50 (or other

address in the same subnet)

You are ready now to configure the G.DUO using your PC.

3.3 Management Interface

The G.DUO can be configured using one the management interfaces below:

Web Management (HTTP): You can manage G.DUO by simply typing its IP address

in the web browser. Most functions of G.DUO can be accessed by web management

interface. We recommend using this interface for initial configurations. To begin,

simply enter G.DUO’s IP address (default is 192.168.1.254) on the web browser..

3. Configuring the G.DUO

13 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

Secured Web Management (HTTPS): HTTPS is also using web browser for

configuration. But all the data transactions are securely encrypted using SSL

encryption. Therefore, it is a safe and easy way to manage your G.DUO. We highly

recommend WISP and service provider to use HTTPS for management.

To begin, simply enter https://192.168.1.254 on your web browser. A security alert

screen from your browser might pop up. Please grant all permission and get

certificate to G.DUO.

Command Line Interface (Telnet): G.DUO can be managed through the

command line interface (CLI). Telnet does not encrypt its message. Therefore, it

is not secure. The default Telnet management port is TCP port 23.

By default, the G.DUO’s Telnet interface is turned off. To enable it, please go to

“System Configuration -> System Management” menu and enable “Telnet”.

To use the CLI, please open the command line window. Then type “telnet

192.168.1.254” to start.

To get a list of available command and their usage, please type “help” on the

command prompt.

Secure Shell (SSH, SSH2): SSH is an encrypted Command Line Interface that

allow user to send text commands through SSL encryption. Therefore, it provides

the added advantage of security comparing to Telnet. The default management

port for SSH/SSH2 is TCP/UDP port 22.

By default, the G.DUO’s SSH/SSH2 interface is turned off. To enable it, please go to

“System Configuration -> System Management” menu and enable “SSH”.

To manage via the SSH/SSH2 protocol, you would need a SSH client. Free SSH

clients are widely available on the Internet. You can find where to download them

by using Internet search engine such as Google. In this guide, we will use a

popular SSH/Telnet utility call Putty.

Once you have download and install Putty. Please follow the figure below to make

a connection with G.DUO:

1. Choose “SSH” as indicated in the diagram

Telnet 192.168.1.254

3. Configuring the G.DUO

AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

2. Enter the IP address of G.DUO

3. Click on “Open” to start the SSH session.

When the following screen appear, click on “Yes” to continue

If you have set up password, please enter your login and password. If not, you will

enter the command prompt directly. Now you are ready to enter commands

To get a list of available command and their usage, please type “help” on the

command prompt.

3. Configuring the G.DUO

15 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

3.4 Introduction to Web Management

The G.DUO offers both normal (http) and secured (https) Web Management interfaces.

Their share the same interface and functions, and they can both be accessed through web

browsers. The only difference is HTTPS data are encrypted for extra security. Therefore,

we will discuss them together as “Web Management” on this guide.

If you are placing the G.DUO behind router or firewall, you might need to open virtual server

ports to G.DUO on your firewall/router

 HTTP: TCP Port 80

 HTTPS: TCP/UDP Port 443

This procedure is not necessary in most cases unless there is a router/firewall between

your PC and G.DUO.

3.4.1 Getting into Web Management

Normal Web Management (HTTP)

To get into the Normal Web Management, simply type in the G.DUO’s IP address (default IP

is 192.168.1.254) into the web browser’s address field.

Secured Web Management (HTTPS)

To get into the Secured Web Management, just type “https://192.168.1.254 ” into the web

browser’s address field. The “192.168.1.254” is G.DUO’s default IP address. If the IP

address is changed, the address entered in the browser should change also.

A security warning screen from your browser will then pop-up depending on the browser

you use. Please follow step below to clear the security screen.

 Internet Explorer: Select “Yes” to proceed

3. Configuring the G.DUO

AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

 Firefox:

1. Select “or you can add an exception”

2. Click on “Add Exception”

3. Configuring the G.DUO

17 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

3. Click on “Get Certificate”. Then, please enter G.DUO’s IP address. Finally,

please click on “Confirm Security Exception.”

3.4.2 Web Menu Structure

After you enter the Web configuration, the following screen will appear:

 Wireless Settings: The G.DUO’s wireless settings are different between wireless

modes. Only functions that are applicable to the wireless mode will show to

simplify configuration. For this reason, the first step to configure the G.DUO is to

select the wireless mode. The router mode specific functions are also in this

Wireless Settings

Lan

e Selection

3. Configuring the G.DUO

AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

menu category. For explanation of different wireless modes, please refer to

Chapter 1.

 System Configuration: All non-wireless and router mode settings are in this

category. The system configurations including changing password, upload

firmware, backup configuration, settings PING watchdog, and setting management

interface. We recommend you should enable password protection during the first

time login.

 Device Status: This section for monitoring the status of G.DUO. It provides

information on device status, Ethernet status, wireless status, wireless client table,

and system log.

 Language Selection: You can change the language for the Web interface from

here.

3.5 Initial Configurations

We recommend users to browse through G.DUO’s web management interface to get an

overall picture of the functions and interface. Below are the recommended initial

configurations for first time login:

3.5.1 Choose the wireless Operation Modes

The wireless settings of G.DUO are dependant on the wireless operation mode you choose.

Therefore, the first step is to choose the operation mode. For explanation on when to use

what operation mode, please refer to Chapter 1

Click to confi

ure wireless settin

Current Mode

Mode Diagram

3. Configuring the G.DUO

19 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

Mode Diagram: this shows you the operation flow between Radio1, Radio2, and the

LAN/WAN ports. It helps you to understand how the mode works.

Current Mode: The active setup button indicates the current operation mode. When

you press the “Setup Button”, it will bring you to the wireless setting page.

Changing Mode:

Follow the example below to change to “Gateway+AP” mode

1. Select “Gateway + AP” mode.

2. Click on “Setup Button” button

3. The AP might ask you to confirm the mode change. Once confirm, the AP will

reboot to its new mode.

3.5.2 Change the Device’s IP Address

The default IP address is at 192.168.1.254. You should change it to the same subnet as

your network. Also, if you want to manage G.DUO remotely, you have to set the Gateway

and DNS server information.

To setup the IP settings for G.DUO, please select “System Configuration” -> LAN Interface

Setup”. After entering the IP information, click on “Apply” to finish.

3. Configuring the G.DUO

AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

3.5.3 Enable Password Protection

The G.DUO’s password protection is turned off by default. You should enable it and set

your own password. To enable password protection, please go to “System Configuration”

-> “Password Settings” menu. Then enter your username and password, and click on

“Apply Change” button. You can also come to this menu to change your password in the

future.

3.5.4 Enable Telnet or SSH

The Telnet and SSH management interface are turned off by default. If you wish to use

them, please go to the “System Configuration -> System Management” menu. Check

“Telnet” or “SSH”, then click on “Apply Change” button.

3. Configuring the G.DUO

21 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

4. WISP + AP Mode

AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

In this chapter, we will explain about the wireless settings for WISP+AP Mode. Please be

sure to read through Chapter 1.4 and Chapter 3’s “Introduction to Web Management” and

“Initial Configurations” first.

4.1 Application for WISP+AP Mode

This mode is designed for WISP subscriber to have both Internet connection to WISP AP

and wireless network for home. Radio1 acts as a client router to connect with outdoor AP;

Radio1 works as a wireless AP for home. This combination allows WISP subscriber to

share their Internet connection wirelessly. In this mode, the WAN on the Radio1 side.

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23 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

4.2 Step-by-Step Example

In this example, we will use a G.DUO to establish a connection service to the WISP outdoor

4.2.1 Environment

In this example, the G.DUO will be connecting to the Outdoor AP using Radio1. Radio1

will be running in WISP mode which is also known as “Client Router”. Radio 2 will be

running in AP mode to share the WISP connection wirelessly to the notebook PC.

The configuration procedure should be as followed:

1. Configure Radio1 first.

2. Use “Site Survey” function to find the Outdoor AP and adjust antenna alignment

using “Signal Survey” function

3. Use “Site Survey” to establish connection and enter encryption key with Outdoor

4. Configure the WAN type for the Radio1 to the Outdoor AP

5. Enable the “Remote Management” so WISP operator can manage the AP from

remote

6. Configure Radio2 now

7. You should be able to keep default settings for most of the Radio2’s function

8. But you need to change the channel of Radio2 so it is as far apart from Radio1 as

possible.

9. Set Encryption for Radio2.

10. You should be able to link the Notebook PC to “airlive2” SSID and enter the

correct encryption key.

SSID: OutdoorAP

Encryption: WPA-PSK

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4.2.2 Configuration Steps

Radio1

Step1: Click on the wireless settings on WISP+AP mode. It should bring you to the

“Wireless Setting” Page.

Step2: Click on “Site Survey” Setup button. The following screen should appear with results

of available APs in the area.

Step2: Now select “Outdoor AP” on the list, then press “Signal Survey”. Adjust your

antenna until the signal level is at the highest.

Step3: Now close the window and go back to the “Site Survey” page. Select the “Outdoor

AP” and press the “Connect” button. The G.DUO will inform you “encryption type

mismatch!” and ask if you want to configure the encryption setting. Select “Yes” to

proceed.

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25 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

Step4: Choose “WPA”->”Personal(Pre Shared Key)” -> “TKIP”. Then enter the correct

encryption key. The wireless connection should establish after this.

Step5: Go to the wireless setting page and select “WAN Port”. Enter the WAN information

(in this example is “Static IP”) and check the “Enable Web Access on WAN” for remote

management.

Radio2

Step1: Go to the wireless setting and change the interface to “Radio2”

Step2: Now we know the “Outdoor AP” is using Channel 11. Please set Radio2’s channel

to as far as possible. In this case, it will be “Channel 1”.

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Step3: Go to the “Security” setup and set your encryption as “WPA”->”Pre-Shared

Key”->”TKIP”. Enter your encryption key. .

4.3 Radio1: WISP Router Mode Settings

The Radio1 is working in Client Mode with NAT routing function, it is also known as “Client

Router”. The WAN is on the wireless side.

When you select “Radio1” as the interface, the following screen will appear.

4.3.1 Basic Wireless Settings

 Band: You can choose between “802.11g/b”, “802.11g”, or “802.11b”. We

recommend to leave the setting at “802.11g/b”.

 SSID: The SSID setting of the remote AP. If you are not sure, you can click on

“Site Survey” button to scan for AP.

 Channel: Wireless Channel used. For EU, it is channel 1~13. For U.S.A., it is

channel 1~11. For Client and WISP mode, this field is applicable only in Adhoc

mode.

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4.3.2 Security Settings

Operation Mode -> Setup -> Security Settings

Security settings allow you to use encryption to secure your data from eavesdropping.

You can select different security policy to provide association authentication and/or data

encryption. The G.DUO features various security policies including WEP, 802.1x, WPA,

WPA Personal, WPA2, WPA2 Personal , WPA Mixed.

WEP

WEP Encryption is the oldest and most available encryption method. However, it is also

the least secure.

 Select one of the WEP key for wireless network: There are total of 4 possible keys

for WEP encryption. You need to choose which key will be used for encryption. All

wireless devices on the same network have to use the same settings. We

recommend using WEP Key 1 as in default setting.

 Authentication: 2 types of Authentication are offered. Open system and

Shared key. If you are not sure which one to use, please select “Auto”.

 Key Length: The G.DUO offers 64bit and 128 bit for WEP key length. The

longer the Key Length, the more secure the encryption is.

 Key Type: 2 types are available: ASCII and HEX. ASCII is a string of ASCII

code including alphabetical characters, space, signs and numbers (i.e.

“airlivepass12”). HEX is a string of 16-bit hexadecimal digits (0..9, a, b, c, d, e, f).

All wireless devices on the network must match the exact key length and Key type.

Some Wireless clients only allow HEX type for WEP.

 ASCII-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 5

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ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “passw”

 HEX-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 10

Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example, “12345abcdef”

 ASCII-128: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 13

ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “airlivewepkey”

 HEX-128: This is a key with 128-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 26

Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example,

“1234567890abcdef1234567890”

WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK, WPA-AUTO

Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) introduces the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)

that provides added security. WPA2 adds full support for 802.11i standard and the

CCMP (AES Encryption). The WPA Mixed tries to authenticate wireless clients using

both WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK.

 Encryption Type: There are two encryption types TKIP and CCMP (AES). While

CCMP provides better security than TKIP, some wireless client stations may not be

equipped with the hardware to support it. You can select Mixed to allow TKIP clients

and CCMP clients to connect to the Access Point at the same time.

 Pre-Shared Key Format: You can select between Passphrase(ASCII) or HEX

format. Please select Passphrase if you are not sure what to use.



Pre-Shared Key: Enter the password key here..

4.3.3 Advance (Wireless Settings)

Operation Mode -> Setup -> Advance

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29 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

 Fragmentation: When the size of a unicast frame exceeds the fragmentation

threshold, it will be fragmented before the transmission. It should have a value of

256-2346 bytes, with a default of 2346. If you experience a high packet error rate,

you should slightly decrease the Fragmentation Threshold.

 RTS Threshold: RTS/CTS frames are used to gain control of the medium for

transmission. Any unicast (data or control) frames larger than specified RTS threshold

must be transmitted following the RTS/CTS handshake exchange mechanism. The

RTS threshold should have a value between 256-2347 bytes, with a default of 2347. It

is recommended that this value does not deviate from the default too much.

 Beacon Interval: The device broadcasts beacon frames regularly to announce its

existence. The beacon Interval specifies how often beacon frames are transmitted in

time unit of milliseconds. The default value is 100, and a valid value should be between

1 and 65,535.

 AckTimeOut: When a packet is sent out from one wireless station to the other, it will

waits for an Acknowledgement frame from the remote station. The station will only

wait for a certain amount of time, this time is called the ACK timeout. In most

conditions, please put ACKtimeout value at zero(default value). The AP will calculate

the ACKtimeout automatically when the value is zero. However, you can also enter

the ACKtimeout manually.

 Preamble Type: A preamble is a signal used in wireless environment to synchronize

the transmitting timing including Synchronization and Start frame delimiter. In a "noisy"

network environment, the Preamble Type should be set to Long Preamble. The Short

Preamble is intended for applications where minimum overhead and maximum

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performance is desired. If in a "noisy" network environment, the performance will be

decreased.

 IAPP: IAPP (Inter Access Point Protocol) is designed for the enforcement of unique

association throughout a ESS (Extended Service Set) and a secure exchange of

station’s security context between current access point (AP) and new AP during

handoff period.

 BG Protection: The 802.11g standard includes a protection mechanism to ensure mixed 802.11b

and 802.11g operation. If there is no such kind of mechanism exists, the two kinds of standards may

mutually interfere and decrease network’s performance.

 Hide SSID: Enable Hide SSID will make the AP network’s SSID invisible. A device

can link with the AP only if correct SSID name is entered.

 TX Power Level: You can set your TX Output power level here. Please note the

maximum allowable TX output power in EU is 20dBm. Please do not exceed your

country’s legal limit.

4.3.4 Site Survey

Operation Mode -> Setup -> Site Survey

You can scan for wireless networks around your location using the Site Survey function.

From the site survey function, you can also perform antenna alignment and establish

wireless connection

When you click on Site Survey, the following screen will appear. It might take awhile

depending on number of available APs in the area.

Click here to select

SSID for Association

or Signal Survey

To connect with the

selected SSID. This

function is available only

in Client Infrastructure or

Bridge Infrastructure

For antenna

alignment. It will

display and update

the Signal Strength

conitnously

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31 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

4.3.5 Signal Survey

Operation Mode -> Setup -> Site Survey -> Signal Survey

The Signal Survey will continuously display the SIGNAL STRENGTH value of the selected

SSID for antenna alignment purpose. To use Signal Survey function, please enter the

“Site Survey” function first; please refer to the instruction in the above section. Once you

select the ESSID and click on the “Signal Survey” button, the following screen will appear.

 BSSID: This is the remote AP’s MAC address.

 Channel: The current scanned channel

 Signal Strength: This is signal strength number in percentage in 0 to 100 scale.

The higher the number, the better signal.

4.3.6 WAN Port

Operation Mode -> Setup -> WAN Port

The G.DUO support different authentication and IP assignment standards for the WAN port.

It includes fixed IP, DHCP, PPPoE, PPTP, L2TP, and Big Pond protocols. Please consult

with your ISP about what authentication type is used for the WAN port connection.

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 Clone MAC Address: In this place, you can assign a MAC address for the WAN

port. In case of WISP mode, it is Radio1’s MAC address. For Gatway mode, it

is the WAN/LAN1 MAC address.

 Enable UPnP: Check this field will enable Universal Plug n Play protocol

 Enable Web Server Access on WAN: Check this field will enable remote

management from WAN side.

4.3.7 Virtual Server Settings

Virtual server allows you to specify one or more applications running on server computers

on the LAN that may be accessed by any Internet user. Internet data destined for the

specified public port will be directed to the specified private port number on the LAN client

with the specified private IP address.

If you want to allow your web server, ftp server, or email server to be accessible from

Internet, you would need to open specific port on the virtual server to your local IP address.

For a list of most frequent used TCP and UDP ports. Please visit

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers

4.3.8 DMZ

Advanced Settings >> Multiple DMZ

DMZ opens all TCP/UDP ports to particular IP address on the LAN side. It allows setting

up servers behind the G.DUO.

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4.3.9 DDNS

Dynamic Domain Name System. An algorithm that allows the use of dynamic IP address

for hosting Internet Server. A DDNS service provides each user account with a domain

name. The G.DUO support “Dyndns” and “TZO” service.

4.3.10 DoS (Denial of Service)

Denial of Service is a type of network attack that floods the network with useless traffic.

Many DoS attacks, such as the Ping of Death and Teardrop attacks, exploit limitations in

the TCP/IP protocols.

The G.DUO provides a list of Firewall grade DoS control that protect your network from

hacker attack.

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4.3.11 URL Filter

The G.DUO provide URL filter function to stop access to certain website. It is especially

useful for parents to stop children from accessing some websites.

4.3.12 MAC Filter

MAC filter can filter out traffic from certain MAC addresses. It can prevent access to

internet from certain station in the local LAN.

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35 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

4.3.13 IP Filter

IP filtering allows you to block certain IP addresses from accessing the network.

4.3.14 Port Filter

Port filtering allows you to block certain applications from accessing the network.

4.3.15 Router (Static Route)

This allows you to manually configure static network routes. Static routes will override

routes learned by standard routing protocol discover methods.

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4.3.16 RIP (Routing Information Protocol

Operation Mode -> Setup -> Access Control

The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a dynamic routing protocol used in local and wide

area networks

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4.4 Radio2: AP Mode Settings

The Radio2 is working in Access Point Mode. The default SSID is “AirLive2”.

When you select “Radio2” as the interface, the following screen will appear:

4.4.1 Basic Wireless Settings

 Band: You can choose between “802.11g/b”, “802.11g”, or “802.11b”. We

recommend leaving the setting at “802.11g/b”.

 SSID: The SSID setting of the remote AP. If you are not sure, you can click on

“Site Survey” button to scan for AP.

 Channel: Wireless Channel used. For EU, it is channel 1~13. For U.S.A., it is

channel 1~11.

4.4.2 Security Settings

Operation Mode -> Setup -> Security Settings

Security settings allow you to use encryption to secure your data from eavesdropping.

You can select different security policy to provide association authentication and/or data

encryption. The G.DUO features various security policies including WEP, 802.1x, WPA,

WPA Personal, WPA2, WPA2 Personal , WPA Mixed.

4. WISP + AP Mode

AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

WEP

WEP Encryption is the oldest and most available encryption method. However, it is also

the least secure.

 Select one of the WEP key for wireless network: There are total of 4 possible keys

for WEP encryption. You need to choose which key will be used for encryption. All

wireless devices on the same network have to use the same settings. We

recommend using WEP Key 1 as in default setting.

 Authentication: 2 types of Authentication are offered. Open system and

Shared key. If you are not sure which one to use, please select “Auto”.

 Key Length: The G.DUO offers 64bit and 128 bit for WEP key length. The

longer the Key Length, the more secure the encryption is.

 Key Type: 2 types are available: ASCII and HEX. ASCII is a string of ASCII

code including alphabetical characters, space, signs and numbers (i.e.

“airlivepass12”). HEX is a string of 16-bit hexadecimal digits (0..9, a, b, c, d, e, f).

All wireless devices on the network must match the exact key length and Key type.

Some Wireless clients only allow HEX type for WEP.

 ASCII-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 5

ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “passw”

 HEX-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 10

Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example, “12345abcdef”

 ASCII-128: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 13

ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “airlivewepkey”

 HEX-128: This is a key with 128-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 26

Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example,

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39 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

“1234567890abcdef1234567890”

WPA-Personal, WPA2-Personal, WPA-Mixed (Pre-Shared Key)

The WPA Personal is also known as “WPA-PSK” encryption. Wi-Fi Protected Access

(WPA) introduces the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) that provides added

security. WPA2 adds full support for 802.11i standard and the CCMP (AES Encryption).

The WPA-Mixed tries to authenticate wireless clients using both WPA-PSK or

WPA2-PSK.

 Encryption Type: There are two encryption types TKIP and CCMP (AES). While

CCMP provides better security than TKIP, some wireless client stations may not be

equipped with the hardware to support it. You can select Mixed to allow TKIP clients

and CCMP clients to connect to the Access Point at the same time.

 Pre-Shared Key Format: You can select between Passphrase(ASCII) or HEX

format. Please select Passphrase if you are not sure what to use.



Pre-Shared Key: Enter the password key here..

WPA-Enterprise, WPA2-Enterprise, WPA-Mixed Enterprise (Radius)

Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) Enterprise uses Radius Server as the authenticator.

WPA2 adds full support for 802.11i standard and the CCMP (AES Encryption). The

WPA-Mixed tries to authenticate wireless clients using both WPA or WPA2.

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4.4.3 Advance (Wireless Settings)

Operation Mode -> Setup -> Advance

 Fragmentation: When the size of a unicast frame exceeds the fragmentation

threshold, it will be fragmented before the transmission. It should have a value of

256-2346 bytes, with a default of 2346. If you experience a high packet error rate,

you should slightly decrease the Fragmentation Threshold.

 RTS Threshold: RTS/CTS frames are used to gain control of the medium for

transmission. Any unicast (data or control) frames larger than specified RTS threshold

must be transmitted following the RTS/CTS handshake exchange mechanism. The

RTS threshold should have a value between 256-2347 bytes, with a default of 2347. It

is recommended that this value does not deviate from the default too much.

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41 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

 Beacon Interval: The device broadcasts beacon frames regularly to announce its

existence. The beacon Interval specifies how often beacon frames are transmitted in

time unit of milliseconds. The default value is 100, and a valid value should be between

1 and 65,535.

 AckTimeOut: When a packet is sent out from one wireless station to the other, it will

waits for an Acknowledgement frame from the remote station. The station will only

wait for a certain amount of time, this time is called the ACK timeout. In most

conditions, please put ACKtimeout value at zero(default value). The AP will calculate

the ACKtimeout automatically when the value is zero. However, you can also enter

the ACKtimeout manually.

 Preamble Type: A preamble is a signal used in wireless environment to synchronize

the transmitting timing including Synchronization and Start frame delimiter. In a "noisy"

network environment, the Preamble Type should be set to Long Preamble. The Short

Preamble is intended for applications where minimum overhead and maximum

performance is desired. If in a "noisy" network environment, the performance will be

decreased.

 IAPP: IAPP (Inter Access Point Protocol) is designed for the enforcement of unique

association throughout a ESS (Extended Service Set) and a secure exchange of

station’s security context between current access point (AP) and new AP during

handoff period.

 BG Protection: The 802.11g standard includes a protection mechanism to ensure mixed 802.11b

and 802.11g operation. If there is no such kind of mechanism exists, the two kinds of standards may

mutually interfere and decrease network’s performance.

 Hide SSID: Enable Hide SSID will make the AP network’s SSID invisible. A device

can link with the AP only if correct SSID name is entered.

 Isolation: Enable Isolation will prevent wireless clients to see each other on the

network.

 TX Power Level: You can set your TX Output power level here. Please note the

maximum allowable TX output power in EU is 20dBm. Please do not exceed your

country’s legal limit.

4.4.4 Access Control

Operation Mode -> Setup -> Access Control

The G.DUO allows you to define a list of MAC addresses that are allowed or denied to

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AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

access the wireless network. This function is available only for Access Point and Gateway

modes.

 Access Control List

 Disable: When selected, no MAC address filtering will be performed.



Allow list: When selected, data traffic from only the specified devices in the

table will be allowed in the network.



Deny list: When selected, data traffic from the devices specified in the table

will be denied/discarded by the network.

4.4.5 Associated Clients

Click on this to show the current wireless clients associated to the AP. It will display MAC

adderss, Trasmit packet, Tx rate, power saving, expire time, and signal strength.

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43 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

In this chapter, we will explain about the wireless settings for Dual Mode. Please be sure

to read through Chapter 1.4 and Chapter 3’s “Introduction to Web Management” and “Initial

Configurations” first.

It is highly recommended that you use 2 directional antennas in this mode to achieve larger

coverage and avoid mutual interference. If you need to use the supplied 2dBi omni

antennas, please adjust them according to the diagram below:

5.1 Application for Dual AP Mode

The Dual AP mode is designed to extend the wireless coverage of the Hotspot network.

Therefore, you should use directional antennas (like a 10dBi panel antenna) to let each

radio cover separate areas.

5. Dual AP Mode

AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

5.2 Radio1 and 2: AP Mode Settings

Since both Radio1 and Radio2 are Access Point mode. The configuration menu are the

same. We will explain them together here. Radio1’s default SSID is “airlive1”, Radio2’s

default SSID is “airlive2”.

5.2.1 Basic Wireless Settings

 Band: You can choose between “802.11g/b”, “802.11g”, or “802.11b”. We

recommend leaving the setting at “802.11g/b”.

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45 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual

 SSID: The SSID setting of the remote AP. If you are not sure, you can click on

“Site Survey” button to scan for AP.

 Channel: Wireless Channel used. For EU, it is channel 1~13. For U.S.A., it is

channel 1~11.

5.2.2 Security Settings

Operation Mode -> Setup -> Security Settings

Security settings allow you to use encryption to secure your data from eavesdropping.

You can select different security policy to provide association authentication and/or data

encryption. The G.DUO features various security policies including WEP, 802.1x, WPA,

WPA Personal, WPA2, WPA2 Personal, WPA Mixed.

WEP

WEP Encryption is the oldest and most available encryption method. However, it is also

the least secure.

 Select one of the WEP key for wireless network: There are total of 4 possible keys

for WEP encryption. You need to choose which key will be used for encryption. All

wireless devices on the same network have to use the same settings. We

recommend using WEP Key 1 as in default setting.

 Authentication: 2 types of Authentication are offered. Open system and

Shared key. If you are not sure which one to use, please select “Auto”.

 Key Length: The G.DUO offers 64bit and 128 bit for WEP key length. The

5. Dual AP Mode

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longer the Key Length, the more secure the encryption is.

 Key Type: 2 types are available: ASCII and HEX. ASCII is a string of ASCII

code including alphabetical characters, space, signs and numbers (i.e.

“airlivepass12”). HEX is a string of 16-bit hexadecimal digits (0..9, a, b, c, d, e, f).

All wireless devices on the network must match the exact key length and Key type.

Some Wireless clients only allow HEX type for WEP.

 ASCII-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 5

ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “passw”

 HEX-64: This is a key with 64-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 10

Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example, “12345abcdef”

 ASCII-128: This is a key with 64-bit key length of ASCII type. Please enter 13

ASCII Characters if you choose this option. For example, “airlivewepkey”

 HEX-128: This is a key with 128-bit key length of HEX type. Please enter 26

Hexadecimal digits if you choose this option. For example,

“1234567890abcdef1234567890”

WPA-Personal, WPA2-Personal, WPA-Mixed (Pre-Shared Key)

The WPA Personal is also known as “WPA-PSK” encryption. Wi-Fi Protected Access

(WPA) introduces the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) that provides added

security. WPA2 adds full support for 802.11i standard and the CCMP (AES Encryption).

The WPA-Mixed tries to authenticate wireless clients using both WPA-PSK or

WPA2-PSK.

 Encryption Type: There are two encryption types TKIP and CCMP (AES). While

CCMP provides better security than TKIP, some wireless client stations may not be

equipped with the hardware to support it. You can select Mixed to allow TKIP clients

and CCMP clients to connect to the Access Point at the same time.

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47 AirLive G.DUO User’s Manual



Pre-Shared Key Format: You can select between Passphrase(ASCII) or HEX

format. Please select Passphrase if you are not sure what to use.



Pre-Shared Key: Enter the password key here..

WPA-Enterprise, WPA2-Enterprise, WPA-Mixed Enterprise (Radius)

Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) Enterprise uses Radius Server as the authenticator.

WPA2 adds full support for 802.11i standard and the CCMP (AES Encryption). The

WPA-Mixed tries to authenticate wireless clients using both WPA or WPA2.

5.2.3 Advance (Wireless Settings)

Operation Mode -> Setup -> Advance